![]() ![]() However, Ruiz de Mendoza (1999), Ruiz de Mendoza and Pérez (2001), and Ruiz de Mendoza and Peña (2008) pointed out that, in essence, the sole (and crucial) distinguishing feature between metaphor and metonymy is to be found in the domain-internal nature of metonymic mappings which contrasts with the domain-external nature of metaphoric mappings. Within Cognitive Linguistics, the distinction between metaphor and metonymy was originally drawn by Lakoff and Johnson (1980: 35–40) and has been further discussed by many linguists. Lakoff defined ICM as a complex structured whole, a gestalt, the way whereby we structure our knowledge of the world, i.e., they are cognitive organization tools that help us represent reality in an idealized way ( Lakoff, 1987, 1989). ![]() Metaphor and metonymy are two of the four comprising structures of the Idealized Cognitive Models or ICMs ( Lakoff, 1987, p. This study can also serve as good evidence for the shaping effect of language on cognition. It is concluded therefore that the event-based metonymy conceptualization of time can provide better insights into the characteristics of Chinese modes of thinking and its influences on the perception of and interaction with the world. Based on this evidence, we argue that the double nature of both metaphoric and metonymic time conceptualization in Mandarin Chinese lies in the fact that time interval words can be used in its time categorial sense or as a time entity which suggests the etymological origins of Chinese as ideograph. Five major types of event-based metonymies are identified, and their interactive functions are illustrated. This study offers a new explanation of how: (1) the conceptualization of time in Chinese is realized through metonymic cognition and (2) words related to specific intervals of time are coined based on the metonymic conceptualization of related events or a corresponding event schema. In alignment with the epistemology of the time–space conflation of the Chinese ancestors, our view is supported by the systematic examination of evidence related to the cultural origins of the conceptualization of time, through a scrutiny of the original meanings and construction of words related to intervals of time in Mandarin Chinese. Starting from the overwhelming view that time is metaphorically conceptualized in terms of space, this study will, on the one hand, take the time interval words into minute analysis to confirm our view of event conceptualization of time at a more basic level along with space–time metaphoric conceptualization of time at a relational level.
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